Key: "S:" = Show Synset (semantic) relations, "W:" = Show Word (lexical) relations
Display options for sense: (gloss) "an example sentence"
Noun
S: (n) Athens, Athinai, capital of Greece, Greek capital (the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)) "in the 5th century BC ancient Athens was the world's most powerful and civilized city"
S: (n) Cynic (a member of a group of ancient Greek philosophers who advocated the doctrine that virtue is the only good and that the essence of virtue is self-control)
S: (n) yogi (one who practices yoga and has achieved a high level of spiritual insight)
S: (n) Popper, Karl Popper, Sir Karl Raimund Popper (British philosopher (born in Austria) who argued that scientific theories can never be proved to be true, but are tested by attempts to falsify them (1902-1994))
S: (n) Anaxagoras (a presocratic Athenian philosopher who maintained that everything is composed of very small particles that were arranged by some eternal intelligence (500-428 BC))
S: (n) Anaximander (a presocratic Greek philosopher and student of Thales who believed the universal substance to be infinity rather than something resembling ordinary objects (611-547 BC))
S: (n) Anaximenes (a presocratic Greek philosopher and associate of Anaximander who believed that all things are made of air in different degrees of density (6th century BC))
S: (n) Arendt, Hannah Arendt (United States historian and political philosopher (born in Germany) (1906-1975))
S: (n) Aristotle (one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC))
S: (n) Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524))
S: (n) Bruno, Giordano Bruno (Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles to develop a pantheistic monistic philosophy; condemned for heresy by the Inquisition and burned at the stake (1548-1600))
S: (n) Buber, Martin Buber (Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria); as a Zionist he promoted understanding between Jews and Arabs; his writings affected Christian thinkers as well as Jews (1878-1965))
S: (n) Cassirer, Ernst Cassirer (German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945))
S: (n) Cleanthes (ancient Greek philosopher who succeeded Zeno of Citium as the leader of the Stoic school (300-232 BC))
S: (n) Confucius, Kongfuze, K'ung Futzu, Kong the Master (Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC))
S: (n) Democritus (Greek philosopher who developed an atomistic theory of matter (460-370 BC))
S: (n) Derrida, Jacques Derrida (French philosopher and critic (born in Algeria); exponent of deconstructionism (1930-2004))
S: (n) Descartes, Rene Descartes (French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650))
S: (n) Dewey, John Dewey (United States pragmatic philosopher who advocated progressive education (1859-1952))
S: (n) Diderot, Denis Diderot (French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784))
S: (n) Diogenes (an ancient Greek philosopher and Cynic who rejected social conventions (circa 400-325 BC))
S: (n) Empedocles (Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC))
S: (n) Epictetus (Greek philosopher who was a Stoic (circa 50-130))
S: (n) Epicurus (Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC))
S: (n) Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Haeckel (German biologist and philosopher; advocated Darwinism and formulated the theory of recapitulation; was an exponent of materialistic monism (1834-1919))
S: (n) Hartley, David Hartley (English philosopher who introduced the theory of the association of ideas (1705-1757))
S: (n) Heraclitus (a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC))
S: (n) Hobbes, Thomas Hobbes (English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679))
S: (n) Hume, David Hume (Scottish philosopher skeptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776))
S: (n) Locke, John Locke (English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704))
S: (n) Lucretius, Titus Lucretius Carus (Roman philosopher and poet; in a long didactic poem he tried to provide a scientific explanation of the universe (96-55 BC))
S: (n) Marcuse, Herbert Marcuse (United States political philosopher (born in Germany) concerned about the dehumanizing effects of capitalism and modern technology (1898-1979))
S: (n) Marx, Karl Marx (founder of modern communism; wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867 (1818-1883))
S: (n) Mill, John Mill, John Stuart Mill (English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873))
S: (n) Mill, James Mill (Scottish philosopher who expounded Bentham's utilitarianism; father of John Stuart Mill (1773-1836))
S: (n) Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (influential German philosopher remembered for his concept of the superman and for his rejection of Christian values; considered, along with Kierkegaard, to be a founder of existentialism (1844-1900))
S: (n) Origen (Greek philosopher and theologian who reinterpreted Christian doctrine through the philosophy of Neoplatonism; his work was later condemned as unorthodox (185-254))
S: (n) Parmenides (a presocratic Greek philosopher born in Italy; held the metaphysical view that being is the basic substance and ultimate reality of which all things are composed; said that motion and change are sensory illusions (5th century BC))
S: (n) Pascal, Blaise Pascal (French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662))
S: (n) Plato (ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC))
S: (n) Plotinus (Roman philosopher (born in Egypt) who was the leading representative of Neoplatonism (205-270))
S: (n) Pythagoras (Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC))
S: (n) Reid, Thomas Reid (Scottish philosopher of common sense who opposed the ideas of David Hume (1710-1796))
S: (n) Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778))
S: (n) Schweitzer, Albert Schweitzer (French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965))
S: (n) Seneca, Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD))
S: (n) Socrates (ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC))
S: (n) Spencer, Herbert Spencer (English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903))
S: (n) Thales, Thales of Miletus (a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science; he held that all things originated in water (624-546 BC))
S: (n) Theophrastus (Greek philosopher who was a student of Aristotle and who succeeded Aristotle as the leader of the Peripatetics (371-287 BC))
S: (n) Zeno, Zeno of Citium (ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Stoic school (circa 335-263 BC))
S: (n) Zeno, Zeno of Elea (ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC))