S: (n) descriptive linguistics (a description (at a given point in time) of a language with respect to its phonology and morphology and syntax and semantics without value judgments)
S: (n) grammar (the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics))
S: (n) phonology, phonemics (the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes)
S: (n) morphophonemics (the study of the phonological realization of the allomorphs of the morphemes of a language)