S: (n) Infusoria, subclass Infusoria (in some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter)
S: (n) Chlorophyceae, class Chlorophyceae (algae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments)
S: (n) Sporozoa, class Sporozoa (strictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites)
S: (n) amphibia, class Amphibia (the class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water; frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians)
S: (n) Reptilia, class Reptilia (class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals)
S: (n) Arachnida, class Arachnida (a large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs; have four pairs of walking legs and no wings)
S: (n) superclass Myriapoda (used in some classifications to encompass the millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda); formerly a large taxon including also the Pauropoda and Symphyla; the term Myriapoda now usually used synonymously with Diplopoda and limited to the millipedes)
S: (n) Tardigrada, class Tardigrada (in some classifications considered a separate phylum: microscopic arachnid-like invertebrates living in water or damp moss having 4 pairs of legs and instead of a mouth a pair of stylets or needlelike piercing organs connected with the pharynx)
S: (n) Chilopoda, class Chilopoda (arthropods having the trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes)
S: (n) Pantotheria, subclass Pantotheria (generalized extinct mammals widespread during the Jurassic; commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals)
S: (n) Hydrozoa, class Hydrozoa (coelenterates typically having alternation of generations; hydroid phase is usually colonial giving rise to the medusoid phase by budding: hydras and jellyfishes)
S: (n) Opisthobranchia, subclass Opisthobranchia (gastropods having the gills when present posterior to the heart and having no operculum: includes sea slugs; sea butterflies; sea hares)
S: (n) Crustacea, class Crustacea (class of mandibulate arthropods including: lobsters; crabs; shrimps; woodlice; barnacles; decapods; water fleas)
S: (n) Malacostraca, subclass Malacostraca (largest subclass of Crustacea including most of the well-known marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans: crabs; lobsters; shrimps; sow bugs; beach flies)
S: (n) Entomostraca, subclass Entomostraca (in some older classifications includes the Branchiopoda and Copepoda and Ostracoda and Cirripedia; no longer in technical use)
S: (n) Branchiopoda, subclass Branchiopoda (primitive aquatic mainly freshwater crustaceans: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps; tadpole shrimps; can shrimps; water fleas)
S: (n) Onychophora, class Onychophora (enigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids)
S: (n) Dipnoi, subclass Dipnoi (bony fishes of the southern hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii)
S: (n) Bryopsida, class Bryopsida, Musci, class Musci (true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales)
S: (n) Gymnospermae, class Gymnospermae, Gymnospermophyta, division Gymnospermophyta (plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida))
S: (n) Coniferopsida, class Coniferopsida, Coniferophytina, subdivision Coniferophytina, Coniferophyta (cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian))
S: (n) Pinopsida, class Pinopsida, Pinophytina, subdivision Pinophytina (most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta)
S: (n) Dicotyledones, class Dicotyledones, Dicotyledonae, class Dicotyledonae, Magnoliopsida, class Magnoliopsida (comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae)
S: (n) Magnoliidae, subclass Magnoliidae, ranalian complex (a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder)
S: (n) Alismatidae, subclass Alismatidae (one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs)
S: (n) Arecidae, subclass Arecidae (one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae)
S: (n) Commelinidae, subclass Commelinidae (one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae)
S: (n) Caryophyllidae, subclass Caryophyllidae (a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder)
S: (n) Asteridae, subclass Asteridae (a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder)
S: (n) Rosidae, subclass Rosidae (a group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae)
S: (n) Hamamelidae, subclass Hamamelidae (a group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder)
S: (n) Dilleniidae, subclass Dilleniidae (a group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder)
S: (n) Liliidae, subclass Liliidae (one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae)
S: (n) Oomycetes, class Oomycetes (nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists)
S: (n) Homobasidiomycetes, subclass Homobasidiomycetes (category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes)
S: (n) Hymenomycetes, class Hymenomycetes (used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi)
S: (n) Plectomycetes, class Plectomycetes (class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration))
S: (n) Discomycetes, subclass Discomycetes (a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped)